The history of nine present day counties in Southeast Alabama including Barbour, Coffee, Covington, Crenshaw, Dale, Geneva, Henry, Houston and Pike will be covered during the symposiums, which begin at 2:30 p.m. in the Council Chambers of Headland’s City Hall.  Refreshments will be provided by Renaissance Headland.

The “Between Fences” Speakers Symposium will feature the following lectures about early boundaries and neighbors:

Sunday, May 6:  Neighbors to the South:  The Ellicott Line and West Florida.

Pinckney’s Treaty of 1795 established the border between Spanish West Florida and the United States at the 31^st parallel.  President George Washington commissioned Andrew Ellicott, surveyor of the western boundary of Pennsylvania and, later, of Washington, DC, to survey the treaty line from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean. Although the Spanish exercised nominal control over its West Florida territory, the British still maintained a significant presence there, particularly in the area east of Pensacola.

Greg Spies, noted author, assistant professor of Geomatics at Troy University and participant in the 1990s re-survey of the Ellicott Line, will discuss Andrew Ellicott’s important work.

Emeritus Professor of History Robin Fabel of Auburn University will talk about the internal politics of West Florida and its influence on Alabama and the south prior to Alabama’s statehood.  Fabel is the author of four books on British West Florida and served as a Fulbright Scholar in 1967 and 1998.

The United States, the Alabama Territory and ultimately Henry County intruded on the lands of the Lower Creek Confederacy. Even after some of their leaders signed treaties that gave away possession of the lands, many Creeks felt they retained some claims to it.  Who were the Creeks?  How did the Creek Nation arise?  How did the Creek people and nation conceptualize their relations with their problematic neighbors?

Dr. Kathryn Braund, former independent scholar, author of four books on Creek life and current professor of history at Auburn University, will examine Creek views on boundaries, borders and the possession of property.

She is joined by Dr. Steven Hahn of St. Olaf College in Minnesota.  Hahn, a graduate of Emory University, authored a recent book about the formation of the Creek nation.  He will discuss the imperial rivalry among Britain, Spain and France over Creek territory and how Creeks tried to retain control of their lands even after passing suzerainty to the western powers.

The Chattahoochee River was both a difficult-to-cross boundary and a communications and trade lifeline in the years before railroad and automobile transportation.  It is, then, a 19^th century “fence” between the unsettled cotton lands of Alabama and the farmers pressing westward from Georgia and the Carolinas.

But that river has a much longer history, one that Dr. Lynn Willoughby will explore.  Willoughby is the author of two books on the lower Chattahoochee River.  Like Dr. Hahn’s examination of Britain’s, France’s and Spain’s dealings with the Creeks, Willoughby’s talk will focus on those countries’ 18^th century imperial ambitions regarding the river itself.

Dr. John Lupold and Mr. Thomas French, Jr. will take a different tack.  If the Chattahoochee River was a fence, then bridges were its gates.  Lupold and French will examine the life and work of the river’s “gatekeeper,” the bridge-building former slave Horace King.  Lupold and French have written a definitive biography of King, and their presentation neatly sums up the “Fences” theme by showing how those fences are breached.

The program is made possible by a generous grant from the Alabama Humanities Foundation and support from the City of Headland, Troy University, Blanche Solomon Memorial Library and Comfort Inn of Dothan.

For more information, contact Dr. Marty Olliff at the Troy University Archives of Wiregrass Culture and History at (334) 983-6556, ext. 1-327.